Company law, securities regulation, IBC insolvency, M&A, FEMA and regulatory compliance — India's complete commercial law vertical, free for students, academics and practitioners.
Whether you are a law student preparing for exams, an academic conducting research, or a practitioner advising clients — find resources calibrated to your needs.
Structured notes aligned with LLB, BA LLB, LLM and CLAT syllabi. Section-by-section analysis of the Companies Act 2013, IBC 2016, and SEBI regulations with landmark case digests.
Peer-reviewed commentary, doctrinal analysis, and comparative corporate law perspectives. Resources for preparing syllabi, teaching materials, and contributing original scholarship.
Regulatory updates, SEBI/MCA circulars, NCLT/NCLAT order summaries, M&A drafting templates, and compliance checklists. Built for the practising corporate lawyer's daily workflow.
Comprehensive coverage of every major corporate and commercial law vertical in India — from formation to resolution.
Companies Act 2013 from incorporation to winding up — directors' duties under S.166, board composition, AGM, audit committee, related party transactions (S.188), and SEBI LODR governance codes.
SEBI's regulatory architecture — IPO regulations (ICDR), prohibition of insider trading (PIT), takeover code (SAST), listing obligations, enforcement actions, and SCORES mechanism.
IBC 2016 — CIRP process, liquidation, pre-packaged insolvency for MSMEs, personal insolvency, NCLT/NCLAT jurisprudence including Swiss Ribbons, Arcelormittal, Essar Steel and later decisions.
Mergers and acquisitions — due diligence, share purchase agreements (SPA), shareholders agreements (SHA), merger filings under Companies Act, Competition Act analysis, and commercial contract drafting.
FEMA and foreign investment regulations, Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, sector-specific frameworks — RBI, IRDAI, TRAI, CCI — and corporate compliance calendars.
Dispute resolution in corporate matters — NCLT/NCLAT proceedings, oppression and mismanagement, domestic and international arbitration under the Arbitration & Conciliation Act, commercial courts.
RBI regulatory framework, Banking Regulation Act, SARFAESI Act recovery mechanisms, NPA management, priority sector lending norms, and digital banking / fintech regulations.
Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999, FDI Policy Circular 2024, overseas investment regulations under the OI Rules 2022, and cross-border transaction compliance including FCRA.
SEBI ICDR Regulations, DRHP process, book building, green shoe option, investor eligibility, allotment procedures, and post-issue compliance obligations for listed companies.
Concise, authoritative answers to the most commonly searched questions on Indian corporate and commercial law.
The Companies Act 2013 is the primary statute governing corporate entities in India, replacing the Companies Act 1956. It regulates incorporation, management, directors' duties, audit, CSR obligations, and winding up. Key additions include the concept of One Person Companies (OPC), mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (S.135), and tighter governance norms via Audit Committees and Independent Directors.
The Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) under IBC 2016 is initiated before the NCLT by a financial or operational creditor, or by the corporate debtor itself. An Insolvency Professional is appointed, a moratorium is declared, a Committee of Creditors (CoC) is formed, and resolution plans are invited within 180 days (extendable to 330 days). If no viable plan is approved, the corporate debtor goes into liquidation.
SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India), established under the SEBI Act 1992, regulates India's securities markets. Its jurisdiction covers stock exchanges (NSE, BSE), listed companies, mutual funds, portfolio managers, brokers and investment advisors. Core regulations include SEBI LODR (listing obligations), PIT Regulations (insider trading), SAST (takeover code), and ICDR (issue of capital).
FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999) replaced FERA (Foreign Exchange Regulation Act 1973). FERA treated foreign exchange violations as criminal offences (burden of proof on accused), while FEMA treats them as civil contraventions adjudicated by an Enforcement Directorate officer. Criminal liability under FEMA arises only in PMLA-linked cases. FEMA reflects India's liberalisation-era approach — managing, not restricting, foreign exchange.
Under SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations 2015, an insider is any person connected with a listed company who possesses Unpublished Price Sensitive Information (UPSI). Trading in securities while in possession of UPSI is prohibited. Companies must maintain a structured digital database of persons with access to UPSI and enforce trading windows — periods during which insiders cannot trade.
Section 135 of the Companies Act 2013 mandates that companies with a net worth of ₹500 crore, turnover of ₹1000 crore, or net profit of ₹5 crore must constitute a CSR Committee and spend at least 2% of average net profits of the preceding three financial years on CSR activities listed in Schedule VII. Non-compliance is disclosed in the Board's Report and amounts must be transferred to specified funds.
Organised by practice area — download bare acts, access annotated statutes and read landmark judgment summaries.
Analysis of recent SEBI amendments to PIT regulations and their implications for listed companies and designated persons.
Analyzing the recent SC judgment on extension of resolution timelines and the judicial interpretation of S.12 IBC.
Examining the statutory and fiduciary obligations of directors in light of recent NCLAT decisions and corporate governance codes.
Distinguishing share purchase from shareholders agreements in PE transactions — representations, warranties, MAC clauses and governance rights.
Understanding the obligations of Data Fiduciaries, Consent Manager framework, and proposed DPDP Rules 2025 for corporate entities.
How a 2019 five-judge Constitution Bench judgment laid down the foundational principles of India's corporate insolvency framework — upholding the IBC's constitutionality and the classification of financial and operational creditors.
Read Full Analysis →Precise, exam-ready definitions of core terms in Indian corporate and commercial law.
Time-bound process under IBC 2016 initiated before NCLT for resolution of corporate insolvency. Default period: 180 days (extendable to 330 days). Involves appointment of an Insolvency Professional, moratorium, CoC formation and resolution plan.
Full notes →Under SEBI PIT Regulations 2015 — any information not generally available which, upon publication, would materially affect the price of securities. Trading while in possession of UPSI by a connected person is an offence.
Full notes →A company with only one member, introduced under Companies Act 2013. The sole member also acts as the first director. OPCs can convert to private limited companies upon meeting prescribed thresholds of paid-up capital or turnover.
Full notes →A contract between buyer and seller of shares, specifying price, representations and warranties, conditions precedent, indemnity provisions and closing mechanics. Central document in M&A transactions — distinct from a shareholders agreement (SHA).
Full notes →Body of financial creditors constituted under IBC during CIRP. The CoC approves or rejects resolution plans by a vote of at least 66% in value. The CoC exercises commercial judgment subject to NCLT oversight.
Full notes →SEBI LODR Regulations 2015 govern the obligations of listed entities on recognised stock exchanges — covering periodic disclosures, corporate governance, related party transactions, and investor relations obligations.
Full notes →Weekly digest of SEBI circulars, MCA notifications, NCLT orders and landmark case analyses — directly in your inbox.
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